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COPY OF DAVID BAILEY'S DOCUMENT 
CONCERNING INDIAN AFFAIRS 



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.S35SI6 



David Bailey lived near Sussex Court-house, 
Virginia, removing to Wilmington, Ohio, in 1827. 
He was called ''Major Bailey", the title being given 
him as a mark of respect and esteem. He was born 
the 12th of January, 1776, and died June the 26th, 
1854. 

The following account was printed from the orig- 
inal copy, written by him, and preserved by his 
grand-daughter, Mrs. Marianna Bailey Hunt, of 
Whittier, California: who, tho a child, remembers 
his stories of the Indians. 





f, 











A SHORT ACCOUNT OF MY CONCERN ON 
INDIAN AFFAIRS 

In the year 1827 I moved with my family and 
settled in the State of Ohio within the limits of 
Center Quarterly Meeting, soon after which time I 
became acquainted with the concern of Friends of 
Indiana Yearly Meeting respecting the Shawnee 
tribe or nation of Indians residing within the limits 
of the State of Ohio. Being informed of the care 
that had long been extended towards them, and the 
good effect thereof from the susceptibility in them of 
improvement, together with the general history of 
that people who once were the whole and sole propri- 
etors of this vast and valuable country, my mind 
soon became enlisted under feelings of sympathy and 
commiseration for them in their present condition. 
I had lived in the country about twelve months when 
my friends appointed me a member of the acting 
committee on Indian concerns, and not long after on 
a deputation of that committee, I, with other friends 
visited the Establishment of Friends near Waugh- 
pauhkaneyya where a council with a number of the 
Chiefs and head men was held by us on account of 
the school establishment there for the benefit of their 



children. At this time my feelings were much en- 
larged towards them in as much as I thought I never 
was with any people where the current of perfect 
love and friendship was more sensibly felt by me 
than in that council and their company on that occa- 
sion. The dignified countenances and deportment of 
some I thought was not exceeded by the greatest 
statesmen of the present age. 

At our Yearly Mtg. held at Indiana in the fall of 
1825 the General Committee on Indian concerns was 
informed by our superintendent of schools for the 
Indians, that they, the Indians, had ceded their 
lands in Ohio to the Government for lands west of 
the Mississippi and that some of them were much 
dissatisfied, apprehending the treaty did not contain 
the preliminary propositions made in the council 
previous to the signing of it, and requested the as- 
sistance of friends in making enquiry therein and 
counsel them in this case of difficulty which was very 
distressing to them. 

The General Committee took notice of the request 
and directed the acting committee to pay the neces- 
sary attention to their request by making a visit to 
them, etc. Accordingly a deputation was made and 
the Chiefs informed thereof. They with a number 
of their head men met with us at the Establishment 
of Friends aforementioned. The deputation felt 
much caution in going into council on the subject, 
lest the Government might think the society had 
taken measures to make the Indians dissatisfied after 
they had signed the treaty, and in order to stand 
clear in this respect we took the names of a number 



of respectable persons as witnesses, who were pres- 
ent through the whole of our council and a fair and 
minute record of all that passed on the subject was 
made. From the manner they stated the grounds of 
their distress together with the information we re- 
ceived from a number of white persons of respecta- 
bility who were present at the council of the treaty, 
some of whom had obtained some of the outlines of 
said treaty from the Commissioner himself. We 
were induced to believe that they were really ag- 
grieved by the contract at that time, feeling the 
weight of their request to society for assistance and 
the religious obligation it had long felt for the benefit 
of the Indian, and at the same time being conscious 
that the Government itself was not disposed to 
wrong them in such a contract, we agreed to assist 
them in presenting their case to the President, the 
Senate and Congress if necessary and encouraged 
their presenting a written petition in the case. We 
then left them under apprehension of sincere thank- 
fulness on their part for our visit on the occasion. 

We returned the account of our proceedings there- 
in to the acting committee who manifested much 
interest in our services in deliberating on the further 
proceedings in the case; it was anticipated that 
Friends of Ohio Yearly Meeting would co-operate 
with us. A communication for that purpose having 
been previously sent them, the committee proceeded 
to appoint two Friends to accompany certain Chiefs 
to the City of Washington and assist in their case as 
way might open; w^hich was myself and Henry 
Tlarvey. 



From a hope that I might be released at Mount 
Pleasant and my place more than amply supplied by 
a Friend from Ohio Yearly Mtg. in co-operation 
with the concern, I gave up my name as one of the 
deputation pursuant to the appointment; myself 
and Henry Harvey in company with four Chiefs 
namely, John Perry, Wewellepu (speaker), Spybuck, 
and Quasqua, also two interpreters, Francis Dushau- 
quet and Joseph Parker, left Wilmington the 15th 
day of the 12th mo. 1831. Previous to our leaving 
Wilmington the Chiefs were taken to the house of 
Isaiah Morris who had before invited them. He, in 
a very hospitable manner, provided an elegant room 
for their accommodation and those of the town peo- 
ple who wished to see them (Indians being great 
strangers to the inhabitants) ; he prepared dinner 
for them and manifested much interest in their 
cause, wrote a letter of recommendation to Henry 
Clay, a member of the Senate, for myself and com- 
panion Henry Harvey, which we accepted as a token 
of his sincerity, expressing at the same time his best 
wishes for our success in behalf of the Indians; we 
then proceeded to Leesburg, it being extreme cold 
weather, which continued pretty much through the 
whole journey, and was very trying to my constitu- 
tion. Took lodging at Nathan Hunt's, a member of 
our society who, with his wife, was very kind and 
spared no pains to make us comfortable. Divers 
Friends and others came in to see the Chiefs. One 
Friend took two of the Chiefs and one interpreter 
home with him to lodge. Next day we traveled about 
thirty miles and lodged at the house of Abner Win- 



dows, a member of our society, where we met with 
very kind entertainment. Friends seemed much 
pleased to see and entertain the Indians and they 
with the kindness they received. Next day left the 
settlement of Friends and traveled several days 
from among them; met with civil and respectful 
treatment from all we were with. Our Chiefs be- 
haved very orderly and were remarked for decent 
and noble-looking men. "VVe reached Mount Pleasant 
the 25th of 12tli mo. We stopped at a Friend's 
house near Flushing and dined ; he was a member of 
the Indian Committee of Ohio and informed us that 
that committee had received our committee's com- 
munication on the subject of our journey and had re- 
plied to it. The contents of which we learned was un- 
favorable to our views on the subject of going to 
Washington. 

We then thot our proper business was to request 
a meeting of the committee, which we did. It was 
acceded to by Friends and the committee according- 
ly convened. We laid before them our mission from 
home and offered all the documents in our possession 
to shew the grounds of our undertaking, some of 
which were read. Yet several Friends expressed 
their doubts by holding out the impropriety of an 
undertaking, supporting those doubts by holding out 
the importance as well as the delicacy there was in 
appearing before the ruler of a nation as a society of 
people to interfere with a contract between Govern- 
ment and the Indians, where all parties had signed 
that contract by writing, and further that it no doubt 
would be attended with great expense to society in- 



asmuch as the United States agent on Indian affairs 
liad not directed or privileged those Chiefs to attend 
Congress on the business, therefore would not as 
usual pay the expense. 

We replied in substance that our committee was 
aware of those things, but feeling ourselves relig- 
iously bound as we apprehended to appear on behalf 
of injured people, were willing to risk the expense 
and had made some provision to meet it expecting 
their assistance. Finally most of the committee ap- 
peared willing, inasmuch as we had made arrange- 
ments to go to Washington, that we might proceed, 
and agreed to advance two hundred dollars for our 
assistance, but no substitute was found for me and 
therefore did not return home as I had anticipated. 
We proposed that Friends of that place furnish 
some clothing for the Chiefs on their journey which 
they needed, the weather being so extremely cold. 
Friends agreed to do so and defray the expense out 
of the fund they had advanced for the journey, but 
instead of leaving it with us to buy the clothing al- 
ready made the Friends of Mt. Pleasant concluded 
to buy the materials with the fund and make the 
clothes as a present to the Indians themselves. They 
did so, and their kindness was very sensibly under- 
stood by the Indians, as appeared by a speech made 
by their speaker the evening before we left that 
place. Notwithstanding the discouragement we met 
with when we first approached the committee with 
our mission, we had the sympathy of divers Friends 
in that place, whose cordial wishes for success in our 
undertaking was fully expressed on leaving that 



place. During our stay in Mt. Pleasant, which was 
two days and nights, the chiefs lodged with our 
worthy friend Samuel Jones and his son and son-in- 
law Thomas Thomasson whose kindness and feeling 
interest for the Indians was not exceeded by any we 
met w^ith. Elisha Bates spent much of his time while 
we were there with them, took them to his house, 
showed them many little curiosities, conversed con- 
siderably with them through their interpreter, all of 
which was calculated to enliven their feelings and 
increase friendship. 

The evening before we left Mt. Pleasant many 
Friends and some others came in to see us and fur- 
nish the clothing they had prepared. Near the close 
of this opportunity E. B. communicated a few sen- 
tences to the Chiefs expressive of the sympathy and 
concern that Friends had long manifested towards 
them, hoping they would remember it if they should 
remove west of the Mississippi, also an acknowledge- 
ment of the satisfaction it was to have their com- 
pany at that time : encouraged them to pursue their 
intended journey in a proper manner, etc. To which 
their speaker, Wewellepe, made a very suitable and 
interesting reply in a manner so dignified as to claim 
the respect and solid attention of all present. 

Next day, the 24th of the month, we pursued our 
journey. Left our horses there in the care of Friends 
and were very kindly assisted by them to Wheeling, 
where we took our passage in the accommodation 
stage ; next morning at four o 'clock, the second night 
after, w^e stopped at Cumberland where one of the 
interpreters, Francis Dushaughquit, was taken so 



unwell that he could not travel. Our passage being 
entered and paid for we had to take our seats at four 
o'clock in the morning, leaving a particular charge 
with the landlord to pay the necessary attention to 
our interpreter, and we would pay the expense when 
we returned, which he promised to do. We reached 
Baltimore on fourth day evening: traveled sixty 
miles on the railroad, which exceeded anything I had 
met with for speed and ease. The burthen that one 
horse could draw would seem incredible to one who 
had not seen it. The Chiefs put up at a tavern, my- 
self and companion went to Jarard T. Hopkins, in- 
formed him of our business and that we wished to 
acquaint Friends of that place. He told us next day 
was their meeting day and we might have an oppor- 
tunity of doing so, which he encouraged. We in- 
quired whether Friends would like to have the In- 
dians with them at meeting, he likewise expressed 
his full approbation to that and encouraged us to 
take them with us, which we did next morning and 
by the direction of a Friend in meeting the Chiefs 
were placed on the second gallery, myself, my com- 
panion, and Joseph Parker, the interpreter, were 
invited to a seat in the upper gallery. I think we had 
a solid meeting; towards the conclusion Gr. T. Hop- 
kin mentioned that he had something on his mind to 
communicate to the Chiefs if it could be interpreted, 
which the interpreter agreed to do and it proved 
very satisfactory to them as they afterwards ex- 
pressed, and I think Friends were much pleased with 
the opportunity. After meeting was over we re- 
quested the interpreter to accompany the Chiefs to 

10 



the tavern and myself and H. Harvey had an oppor- 
tunity with a number of the members of the Indian 
committee of that Yearly Meeting who were then 
present. 

We informed them the particulars of our concern 
and mission to the city of Washington on account of 
the Indians, in which they manifested much interest 
and cordially encouraged our prosecuting the same. 
Several Friends manifested a desire to have the 
Chiefs at their houses, Daniel Cobb, a member of the 
committee, particularly engaged us to have them at 
his house to tea that evening, which we did. Several 
Friends of the city came in and we spent the evening 
very agreeably; at bedtime the Chiefs with the inter- 
preter returned to their lodgings, myself and H. 
Harvey lodged with Hugh Balderson. Next morning 
being sixth day we left Baltimore and reached 
Washington about 2 o'clock in the afternoon and 
very soon after our arrival met with Thomas Lever- 
ing, a Friend of that place whom we found to be a 
very kind one. He readily piloted us to the lodgings 
of Judge Ruggles, a member of the Senate, to whom 
we had been recommended by letter from the worthy 
John Tohson, a former United States agent on In- 
dian concerns, and we have good reason to believe 
he still feels much interest for their welfare gener- 
ally and particularly this tribe, being intimately 
acquainted and living near them. On being intro- 
duced to Judge Ruggles we handed him the letter 
above mentioned and gave a summary statement of 
the business we were on, also requested to be intro- 
duced to several other members of Congress and the 



11 



Senate from the State of Ohio, who had been men- 
tioned as suitable to be made acquainted with our 
business ; with all the polite attention that marks the 
character of a great man he heard us and without 
hesitation rose from his chair and offered to conduct 
us to the lodging of General Vance, Judge Crane, 
Ewing, a senator, Vinton T. Cowling, Russell, and 
some others. We were first taken to General Vance 's 
room, his open handed and manly countenance pro- 
duced additional life in our feelings and the cause in 
which we were engaged. On being informed by 
Judge Ruggles of our business and wishes to consult 
several of the members, he unhesitatingly informed 
them in the different parts of the house and they 
very soon came to his room, most or all the above 
named. 

We then thought it necessary to give a proper in- 
troduction to our business and in order thereto we 
informed them of the care that Friends had for 
many years extended to that particular tribe of In- 
dians and thereby much friendship had been in- 
creased and on this particular, they made a confi- 
dential request to our society for assistance, and a 
deputation w^as made by the committee of Indian 
concerns to visit them and enquire into the grounds 
of their distress. The deputation by an impartial 
enquiry believed there was reality in their complaint 
and encouraged their application to Government for 
relief. The acting committee being informed to this 
amount believed it a religious duty incumbent on 
society to assist them therein and from these motives 
we were deputed to accompany those Chiefs and ap- 



12 



pear here on their behalf with confidence that the 
rulers of our nation would be disposed to do them 
justice in as much as we understood the policy of 
Government was to remove them by giving them 
ample equivalent for their property and w^e appre- 
hended the treaty made with them was not to that 
amount; we also thought it right to show them that 
we were regular members of the society which we 
professed to represent and for that purpose offered 
the certificates we had obtained from our respective 
monthly meetings, which were branches of and sub- 
ordinate to Indiana Yearly Meeting held at White 
Water, Ind,, which w^as read audibly by one of the 
members and seemed very satisfactory to the whole 
company. We then proceeded to counsel with them 
in the further prosecution of our business. We laid 
before them the grounds we had for suspecting in- 
justice was about to be practiced upon the Indians. 
Our relation w^as heard with much respectful atten- 
tion and we were highly recommended for our kind 
attention to that people in appearing there on their 
behalf to throw a proper light on the proceedings of 
an unprincipled commissioner. Most of them ap- 
peared to have a full knowledge of the bad character 
of J. B. Gardner in divers other respects and mani- 
fested indignity at his being entrusted with business 
of so great importance as that of treating with the 
natives and once sole proprietors of this vast and 
valuable country. 

This interview resulted in our being recommended 
by General Vance, Judge Ruggles, Judge Crane, and 
others present, to first visit the Secretary of War 

13 



(Gov. Cass), who they apprehended was a true friend 
to the Indians. The above named truly great men, 
for such I dare to call them, cheerfully offered their 
service to accompany us to see the Secretary of War, 
next morning: it being now near bedtime we re- 
turned to our lodging, which was at Brown's tavern. 
And notwithstanding in the forepart of our journey 
we met with discouragements which brought to the 
test our very best feelings, by this interview we were 
renewedly encouraged to believe that the cause in 
which we were engaged was good and that there 
were friends to it who we knew not of before. 

Next day being seventh of the week and 31st of 
the 12th mo., in accordance with the agreement made 
last evening. Gen. Vance with three or four others 
came to our lodgings in order to accompany us to 
the Sec'y of War. Gen. Vance introduced the Chiefs 
with us as their attendants to the Sec'y of War, who 
seemed well pleased to see us all come. Of the 
Chiefs and the interpreter he had before been ac- 
quainted. When the business of the Chiefs was 
opened and we informed him the grounds on which 
we had accompanied them, also stated to him that 
the Commissioner J. B. Gardner had not left with 
them a copy of the treaty, therefore they nor us were 
able to refer to the particular items of their distress 
only as they chanced to gather it from some of the 
outlines of said treaty. 

His reply was that the commission ought to have 
furnished or left a copy with the Chiefs, told them 
the treaty was in his office and that they might have 
a copy, that he would then write an order to his clerk 

14 



and their friends (meaning us) might take it to the 
office and get a copy, examine it and with the assist- 
ance of your friends communicate to me in writing 
your grievances and what your wishes are respecting 
the treaty and you shall have justice done you. He 
then recommended that we all should pay the Presi- 
dent a visit of common respect as a necessary intro- 
duction to our business, and there was a public day 
set apart for visiting to the President. He proposed 
that General Vance should accompany us and that he 
also would go with us if his ill health or other en- 
gagements did not prevent. Having done our busi- 
ness with the Secretary of War, for that time and 
from the respect he manifested to the Indians and 
to us their assistance believing him to be their 
friend, we told him we were glad to find him as he 
had been represented, that was a good friend to the 
Indians. We then left him and General Vance, 
through respect to me as an old man and the weather 
being very disagreeable, proposed that I return with 
the Chiefs to our lodgings and he would go with 
Henry to the office for the purpose of obtaining a 
copy (above alluded to) which was near a mile to 
w^alk. We then waited until the second day the 2nd 
of the first mo., 1832, which was the day proposed 
for us to visit the President. Gen. Vance continuing 
his kindness to us came to our lodgings and accom- 
panied us to the Pres. and introduced the Chiefs in a 
very special manner, then us, as their attendants. 
The President professed by words to be glad to see 
us, but it all amounted only to formality in my 
opinion. There was a very crowded concourse of 

15 



people and I suppose as cheering a band of music as 
could be invented, notwithstanding all this, the coun- 
tenance of the old man and the apparent feebleness 
of his constitution seemed in my estimation to render 
him incapable of filling the place of Chief Magistrate 
for a nation like this. After we retired from the 
President's house our kind friend G. Vance offered 
to introduce us to John Q. Adams, Henry Clay, and 
Calhoun (the vice-president), at their respective 
dwellings, which offer we accepted as gratifying to 
us with an acknowledgment of his kindness. We 
then proceeded to John Q. Adams, who treated us 
with plain and undissembling kindness, the counte- 
nance of his face bespoke the integrity and sound- 
ness of his heart; after taking a glass of wine and 
sweet cake, and a few queries and answers respect- 
ing the Indians, were passed, we took leave and pro- 
ceeded to Henry Clay's, where was a considerable 
concourse of visitors. 

On being introduced to him, in the usual way w^e 
embraced that opportunity of presenting to him a 
short tho very full letter of recommendation relating 
to our Indian concern (which was given us by our 
worthy friend Isaiah Morris of Wilmington on the 
setting out of our journey), on the reading of which 
he, Henry Clay, expressed with emphasis that he did 
not wish or intend to lower the standing of any re- 
ligious denomination, but he was bound to say that 
the improvement of the Indians had prospered more 
in the hands of the Quakers than any others, and 
what they have done has been at their own expense, 
while some others have made use of funds granted 

16 



by Government for such purposes. Henry Harvey 
in a few words, informed him that the business we 
were on relative to the Indians would probably come 
before the Senate, and we should need his assistance 
in obtaining that justice which we thought due to 
them; he assured us he would render any service in 
his power, in order that they might have justice done 
them. We were well pleased with our visit, (altho 
he appeared to be a man somewhat advanced in life 
he was of an open and cheerful deportment, repre- 
senting a capacity for a great statesman and now 
stands as a candidate for the next presidential elec- 
tion.) 

We then proceeded in company with our kind 
friend above mentioned to the house of Calhoun, the 
Vice-President, who received us respectfully, asked 
the Chiefs a few common questions. Our visit was 
short, nothing occurring particularly interesting. 
On retiring we acknowledged the particular kind 
services of Gen. Vance, who had spent most of the 
day to gratify us with those visits. We then returned 
to our lodgings and waited until next day before we 
obtained a copy of the treaty. The clerk being sick 
could not serve us sooner; when we applied at the 
office one of the deputy clerks informed us that the 
clerk, who was sick, wished us .to go to his house, 
which we did, and were invited into his room; he 
seemed glad to see us, and made a suitable apology 
for our not being furnished with a copy sooner. We 
spent a little time with him very agreeably ; he asked 
us to come to see him again. I thought he was a 
goodly-minded man. 

17 



After examining the treaty, we found it more un- 
favourable to the Indians than we had anticipated, 
we then showed it to those members collectively with 
whom we first counseled and who accompanied us to 
the Secretary of War. Several of the principal arti- 
cles of the treaty were read before them and one of 
the company asked Judge Crane (who is thought to 
be a man of superior talents and judgment), how 
long it would take a judge to pass sentence on that 
"treaty as an act of fraud ; his reply was : no longer 
than he could hear it read. Henry Harvey told them 
the day they ratified it, that very day they would 
take from the Shawnee Indians in Ohio every dollar 
they w^ere worth and send them west of the Missis- 
,sippi without one cent. Judge Crane with several 
others remarked that that treaty would in all proba- 
bility bring them in debt to Government. The con- 
duct of James B. Gardner (commissioner) was very 
freely spoken of by several members of that com- 
pany, with striking reference to other of his conduct 
in former time, assuring the impropriety of his ap- 
pointment, which was made in that case by the then 
President, Andrew Jackson. Several of the com- 
pany which came in during this interview were 
Jackson men, who I thought were not a little morti- 
fied in their feelings, having the treaty before us 
which w^as acknowledged amply to support the views 
w^e had entertained respecting it. Henry Harvey 
(Friends' Supt., who taught the Indian school and 
was present at all the councils held with the Indians 
by J. B. Gardner), then went into an unreserved 
relation of the proceedings in the case, his memory 

18 



being strengthened by notes he made at the time of 
said treaty, which relation I think put all present 
pretty fully in possession of a knowledge of the 
whole business. Myself and Henry in company with 
the Chiefs agreeable to the instructions of the Secre- 
tary of War had made a statement of grievances and 
w^hat would satisfy the Indians ; in order to present 
it to the Secretary of War, but Gen. Vance thought it 
most advisable to see him first himself in order that 
a new treaty might be made altogether; he accord- 
ingly did so. It was agreed between them to see the 
President alone on the occasion and Governor Cass 
requested us to exercise patience, that after he ob- 
tained the President's approbation he would make a 
new treaty and have all our business fixed in two 
days' time. We made some mention of returning 
home and leave the Chiefs to have their business 
completed, as we had laid their case fairly open and 
found they had good friends there who we believed 
were fully disposed to do them justice ; the Secretary 
replied that it would be better for us to stay with 
them, take them home again and return, their busi- 
ness properly settled. It would be more satisfaction 
to us and our friends at home. From what the Secre- 
tary said to us at that time we entertained strong 
hopes that our labors on behalf of the Indians in this 
particular would not be lost. We then wrote several 
letters to our friends at home, giving a favourable 
account of our business and our minds were humbled 
under a sense of favour in the successful prosecution 
of this very important concern so far, which gave 
occasion to write the following lines : 

19 



With deep concern and anxious care 
We did submit the cross to bear, 
To leave our all endeared home 
And travel through the snowy storm, 
Humbly to plead the Indians ' cause. 
And ask for justice by our laws. 
Amongst the rulers of our nation, 
Men who fill important station, 
A hearty welcome we have found. 
Our labours with success are crown 'd. 
We hope the Indians will be free 'd 
From Gardner's most unchristian deed 
And if they are, the price is paid 
For all the efforts we have made. 

The next day we with our Chiefs were much morti- 
fied, and I think we were not alone, for those worthy 
men before spoken of shared with us in the result of 
the visit made to the President by the Secretary of 
War and General Vance, for the purpose of effecting 
a new treaty which he positively denied either mak- 
ing a new one or modifying the old one, saying it was 
a liberal treaty and he would use all the Indians 
alike: General Vance on his return told this to the 
Chiefs and further said, ''You must not be discour- 
aged at this if the President is not your friend, you 
have a great many friends here and if you cannot 
have justice one way you can another and you may 
rest satisfied that this treaty of Gardner's will never 
be ratified as it is and you will have your lands as 
they were before." This plain and feeling expres- 
sion of the General changed the downcast looks of 

20 



the Chiefs and I acknowledge, afforded much encour- 
agement to my own mind, believing that himself with 
several others that I have made mention of had 
pledged themselves true friends to the Indians in 
this particular case, and we were therefore easy to 
rest the further prosecution of the business in their 
hands ; having as we thought pretty fully discharged 
the trust imposed in us by the Indians and our 
friends at home. 

We then turned our attention to make arrange- 
ments to leave Washington. Those members whom 
I have had just occasion so often to advert to in this 
narrative, further manifested their kindness and 
respect to our society by endeavoring to relieve us 
from the expense of the journey and in order thereto 
Gen. Vance spoke to the Secretary of War on that 
subject (who had power independent of the Presi- 
dent to defray such expense on Indian concerns at 
his own discretion). He readily agreed to do so and 
we were directed to present our bill to him for that 
purpose, we accordingly did so. He accepted it with 
the politeness and respect which well becomes an 
officer of his dignity. After he had ordered his dep- 
uties to prepare it for a draft on the bank he then 
said to the Chiefs, in order to prove to you that I am 
your friend he would add two hundred and forty 
dollars to the bill of expense in travelling, as a pres- 
ent to be divided equally between the four then 
present, which would furnish them with a suit of 
clothes and reimburse the little expense in fitting out 
for the journey. "Now," said he, ''I have done all I 
can do for you, the responsibility of your not getting 



21 



a treaty made according to your wishes rests alto- 
gether on the President;" and now I am free to say 
that the conduct of Gov. Lewis Cass, Sec'y of War, 
throughout our intercourse with him on the subject 
hath manifested to us that he is a man fully com- 
petent to the high office he fills, and we have cause 
to remember him as such. 

Gen. Vance and Ewing consulted on the propriety 
of our giving our attendance at Washington still 
longer and it was agreed that if Henry Harvey would 
leave his deposition qualified to, before a magistrate 
of that place, in accordance with what he had stated 
to them, respecting the council and treaty of Gard- 
ner, we might be released, which he did, and Joseph 
Parker the interpreter joined him therein, which, 
with several others to the same purport, together 
with a copy of the treaty which we obtained, were all 
left in their hands, we also informed them we would 
return by Baltimore, give our friends there a full 
statement of the business and in whose hands we had 
left it in, and request their attention at Washington, 
if at any future period it might be thought necessary 
for the society of Friends to appear on behalf of the 
Indians. We also informed them that the members 
of Baltimore by a compact entered into by the three 
Yearly Meetings, Indiana, Ohio, and Baltimore, had 
a special right to do so; this seemed very satisfac- 
tory to those members, and we were fairly liberated 
to leave the case in their hands, whom we considered 
worthy and memorable friends, with a promise from 
some of them to inform us by writing, of the further 
progress of the business. Having obtained the mon- 

22 



ey to defray our expenses we paid off our tavern 
bill in Washington. 

Myself and Henry Harvey stayed with our kind 
friend afore mentioned, Thomas Levering, and took 
our passage next morning at 4 o 'clock to Baltimore, 
it being the 13th of 1st month 1832. Leaving the 
Chiefs with the interpreter to meet with us the day 
following at Fredericktown we reached Baltimore 
about eleven o'clock that morning, where friends 
were pleased to see and hear the account of our busi- 
ness. On informing them that we had given those 
members at Washington to expect their assistance as 
occasion might require, whereupon friends of Balti- 
more thought it best to convene the members of the 
committee on Indian concerns of that Yearly Mtg., 
which was done that evening, this being the first sub- 
ject that had claimed their active attention since the 
separation in the society, by which several of that 
committee were disowned and others appointed. 
They organized themselves as a committee and ap- 
pointed three Friends to open correspondence with 
General Vance and Judge Ruggles at Washington, 
standing ready to render such assistance in the case 
as they might be enabled to do, which was very satis- 
factory to us, inasmuch as our promise was fulfilled 
in leaving the business with Friends of Baltimore; 
information of which we gave to General Vance, by 
letter from that place. Then feeling our minds clear 
of the great responsibility which had rested on us for 
many days and much comforted with the kindness of 
our worthy friends in Baltimore, being glad that we 
were at liberty on such terms, to return to our fami- 

23 



lies and friends at home ; we then engaged our pas- 
sage on the railroad, to meet with our Chiefs as 
agreed on. 

The ear in which we were to travel was to leave 
Baltimore at six o'clock next morning. We lodged 
at Hugh Balderson's, and owing to the difference of 
the time-pieces in town we were about four or five 
minutes too late in getting our seats and lost our 
passage that day which disappointment was trying 
to us and proved so through much of the journey, for 
in order to gain that loss and overtake our company 
at Wheeling we took our passage at Fredericktown 
in the mail stage and traveled constant day and night, 
which almost entirely deprived me of sleep for three 
days and nights. When we reached Cumberland we 
found that our old interpreter, Francis Dushauquett, 
was deceased. The landlord assured us that all the 
necessary attention was paid to him during his ill- 
ness, which lasted about ten days after we left him, 
and also that his interment was decent and orderly, 
which we thought ought to have been from the bill of 
expense, which I thought in some items was extraor- 
dinary, particularly in that of three dollars for 
ground to lay him in, eight dollars for coffin, three 
dollars for laying him out, extra for shroud, the 
whole, including doctor's bill and attendance amount- 
ed to forty-five dollars, which we paid without much 
delay of time. 

We proceeded on and overtook our Chiefs and 
interpreter at Wheeling. All well; having arrived 
about two hours before us. I was much overcome 
with the hard travel, but felt thankful that we were 

24 



all preserved safe through extreme dangers of the 
icy roads on the mountains and travelling in the 
night. We were informed of a number that had been 
crippled and several lost their lives by travelling 
during the icy season. We were detained in Wheel- 
ing one day and night on account of the fresh in 
the river, and the running of the loose ice, after 
which we crossed with some difficulty, went to Mount 
Pleasant ; friends seemed much pleased to see us and 
more so on hearing the account of what we had done, 
which was favourable to the Indians at that time and 
realized to us so far as being relieved of the expense 
as I mentioned before. This I think was a very 
agreeable disappointment to some of them, who had 
predicted expense without profit in this undertaking ; 
yet there were several Friends there who cordially 
commended us for our fidelity and expressed much 
satisfaction in our being favoured to attend to the 
case as we had done. Friends there furnished us 
with our horses and we set for home the next morn- 
ing in pretty good spirits. One of our Chief's horses 
died that night in the stable, which occasioned one of 
the company to take the stage again to Columbus 
and consequently incurred additional expense. Had 
it not been for that circumstance and our detention 
at Wheeling the expense of our journey as related to 
us or to the society would only have been the loss of 
time and hardship of traveling, which we were very 
sensible of. 

On reaching Columbus we met with our worthy 
friend John Johnson, who manifested much interest 
in our proceedings on behalf of the Indians. At this 

25 



place I parted with the Indian Chiefs and my dear 
friend Henry Harvey and on my way home, tho it 
was the most trying part of my journey in travelling, 
I reflected with much satisfaction that through the 
whole course of our exercises and hardships a perfect 
harmony and unity had prevailed and as we had 
travelled together in every sense of the word, a valu- 
able friendship was increased which I hope will last 
always. On returning home I found my dear wife in 
a very low state of health, tho much recovered from 
what she had been during my absence, and altho I 
was much overcome by my hard travel in extreme 
cold, it was a night of thankful rejoicing with the 
whole family. And many friends about home mani- 
fested much interest in my safe return and the ac- 
count rendered relating to the Indians' concern and 
here I left the subject that whatever the result might 
be I was satisfied with what I had done. It being the 
best I knew how to do for the poor Indians. 

THE KESULT 

At a meeting of the acting committee on Indians 
concerns held at Ceasers Creek the second seventh 
day in the second month we made a report of our 
services and statement of the business and in whose 
care we left it (to wit, Joseph Vance and some oth- 
ers), which account was satisfactory to the commit- 
tee, and we were continued to receive further infor- 
mation in the case, as it progressed and report to a 
future meeting. Near the close of the session we 
were informed that the Senate had ratified the treaty 
as it was, and that General Vance had brought a bill 

26 

RD 1 4.R /; 



before the House of Representatives for additional 
compensation to the Indians, in consequence of such 
a treaty and through his unwearied exertions with 
the assistance of some of his friends engaged in the 
cause the bill passed both houses with such a ma- 
jority as to establish it a law : giving to the Indians 
thirty thousand dollars paid in fifteen annual pay- 
ments. This account was very gratifying to us as 
well as to the society at large, who felt a peculiar 
interest for those Indians, that had long been the 
particular object of our care. On producing this 
additional account to the committee, which was truly 
satisfactory, I thought right to suggest to the com- 
mittee the propriety of an address on behalf of the 
society, to Joseph Vance, acknowledging the satis- 
faction we feel on account of his unwearied exertions 
in the cause of humanity, and it was left with myself 
and Henry Harvey to communicate something to that 
amount by letter to him, which we did and which is 
as follows : — 

[This letter was not copied hj Mr. Bailey, the manuscript ending 
here.] 



27 
















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